Mortgage refinancing is  the act of  trading an old mortgage for a new and revised one, likely with a new balance. It is essentially a way of optimizing one’s finances. Refinancing can be of two major types – rate-and-term refinance and cash-out refinance. It typically costs around 3-6% of the loan’s principal, along with an appraisal, title search, application fees, and more. Individuals may have numerous reasons why they choose to refinance their mortgages.

Lowered monthly payments
There are three reasons why people may opt in for lower monthly payments:

Interest rates fluctuate significantly through the years. If the rate has dropped by a decent margin, one may be interested in having their loan terms re-adjusted.  This  can help lower one’s monthly payments and reduce expenditure over the entire term of the loan.
In the last few years, many people have also witnessed mass layoffs, which have impacted their ability to repay their mortgage loans. In such cases, opting for refinancing can help bring down the monthly payments by increasing the length of the loan term.
If a major chunk of the mortgage has been paid off and/or the home’s value has increased, the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) will reduce.  This  makes the home low-risk for the vendor, who may allow refinancing for lower monthly payments.

Improved credit score
Several financial activities positively impact the credit score, such as paying bills on time, paying off debts, and reducing credit utilization. If a borrower’s credit score has increased by over 20 points, they may find a lower rate of interest in the market. In such a situation, refinancing one’s loan could help individuals save thousands of dollars in interest payments. Monitor the credit score regularly and watch for any errors in reporting to ensure successful refinancing.

End of the fixed period of one’s adjustable-rate mortgage
Some loans have an adjustable rate of interest. These are called adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs). They are an attractive beginner option, allowing borrowers to save money as they set up their new home.
However, once this adjustable period ends, the interest rate increases significantly, leading to higher monthly payments. Many homeowners shift from an ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage to avoid this. This step protects individuals from future rate increases, helping them save more.

Higher monthly payments are  affordable
Some people may be interested in reducing the interest paid over time by cutting the loan term shorter.  This  is possible if one makes higher monthly payments , perhaps  due to increased income or spending power.  In such cases, refinancing the loan is a good choice, as it helps homeowners save thousands of dollars and takes them a step closer to freedom from debt.

Need for cash
No one ever knows when an urgent need for money may arise. Many lenders also offer the option of cash-out refinancing, where the borrower can use the equity they have already earned on their home to borrow more money. In most cases, this cash is reinvested back into the home in the form of renovations and repair work.
Let’s break this down. Suppose an individual is paying off a $400,000 loan on their home, of which only $100,000 is left in their current mortgage. Here, the paid-off  $ 300,000 is seen as equity against which one can borrow money. The amount borrowed is added back to the principal amount of the loan.

Please note that the interest rate for cash-out options tends to be higher since they are considered a more risky alternative. Homeowners must also meet certain eligibility requirements, such as maintaining an LTV ratio of or below 80% after refinancing.

Debt consolidation
Refinancing is also great for those looking to consolidate all their debts to make financial management easier. This route is advisable for people with multiple high-interest loans and debts, such as credit card debt, student loans, or even a second mortgage.

Refinancing with debt consolidation looks similar to a cash-out loan. Here,  a portion  of the home equity is turned to cash to pay off all debt. This withdrawn amount is added to the principal amount, and payments continue accordingly.
With most credit card companies charging high interest rates (around 14-15%, if not more), debt consolidation and refinancing are really smart ways to pay off debt and still save money on interest rates. Additionally, unlike credit card interest rates, mortgage interests are tax-deductible, creating another avenue for borrowers to save some money.

Looking for more favorable terms
After signing up with a lender, one may realize that the loan disbursement is not up to their expectations or that they  are not being  treated fairly.  If that occurs, borrowers may step out of their agreed-upon terms and conditions and sign up for a refinancing option at another company/lender.  This  may help them secure better terms or a deal and ensure their financial and mental health is unaffected.

Get rid of PMI
Private  Mortgage Insurance  (PMI) could also  be draining  one’s coffers significantly.  As a result, borrowers may be interested in moving out of this arrangement by refinancing their loan. However, this may not be advisable for everyone. Experts recommend doing this only if a lower interest rate or a shorter break-even period is offered.